Posts in “ Psychology ”

Written by Gabriela Segura, MD
Tuesday, 20 July 2010 11:04

A new study from the University of Chicago shows that a foreign accent undermines a person’s credibility in ways that the speaker and the listener don’t consciously realize.

“The results have important implications for how people perceive non-native speakers of a language, particularly as mobility increases in the modern world, leading millions of people to be non-native speakers of the language they use daily,” said Boaz Keysar, a Professor of Psychology at the University of Chicago and an expert on communication.

“Accent might reduce the credibility of non-native job seekers, eyewitnesses, reporters or people taking calls in foreign call centers,” said Shiri Lev-Ari, lead author of “Why Don’t We Believe Non-native Speakers? The Influence of Accent on Credibility,” written with Keysar and published in the current issue of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

But on the other hand, I wouldn’t be surprised if there might be countries where foreign accents can make speakers seem more truthful to listeners. I can think of a few countries where being a foreigner is a plus, that is, a European or North American foreigner! One has to take into account cultural beliefs and brainwashing propaganda against or pro all things foreign. It is interesting and very telling of how much can slip our conscious awareness. I am also reminded of the following study from Blink by Malcolm Gladwell:

Blink in Black and White

Over  the past  few years, a number of psychologists have begun  to  look more closely at  the  role these kinds of unconscious—or, as they like to call them, implicit—associations play in our beliefs and behavior, and much of their work  has  focused  on  a  very  fascinating  tool  called  the  Implicit Association  Test  (IAT). The  IAT was devised  by  Anthony  G.  Greenwald,  Mahzarin  Banaji,  and  Brian  Nosek,  and it is based on a seemingly obvious—but  nonetheless  quite  profound—observation. We  make  connections much more  quickly  between pairs of  ideas that are already related  in our minds than we do between pairs of ideas that are unfamiliar to us. What does  that mean? Let me give you an example. Below  is a  list of words. Take a pencil or pen and assign each name  to  the category  to which  it belongs by putting a check mark either  to  the  left or  to  the  right of  the word. You can also do it by tapping your finger  in the appropriate column. Do it as quickly as you can. Don’t skip over words. And don’t worry if you make any mistakes.

Read more…

Written by Gabriela Segura, MD
Sunday, 18 July 2010 03:47

The 1956 film “The Bad Seed.”

“I know now, so there’s no sense in lying any more,” said Mrs. Penmark to her daughter Rhoda. “You hit him with the shoe: that’s how those half-moon marks got on his forehead and hands.”

Rhoda moved off slowly, an expression of patient bafflement in her eyes; then, throwing herself on the sofa, she buried her face in a pillow and wept plaintively, peering up at her mother through her laced fingers. But the performance was not at all convincing, and Christine looked back at her child with a new, dispassionate interest, and thought, “She’s an amateur so far; but she’s improving day by day. She’s perfecting her act. In a few years, her act won’t seem corny at all.It’ll be most convincing then, I’m sure.” -William March, The Bad Seed.

Psychologist Robert Hare is devoted to the study of psychopathy. His research may upset a lot of people because until the psychopath came into focus, it was possible to believe that bad people were just good people with bad parents or childhood trauma. But Hare’s research suggested that some people behaved badly even when there had been no early trauma nor bad parenting. Moreover, since psychopaths’ brains are in fundamental ways different from ours, talking them into being like us might not be easy. Indeed, to this day, no one has found a way to do so (more information at hare.org).

For to many people the very idea of psychopathy in childhood is inconceivable. [...] Many people feel uncomfortable applying the term psychopath to children. They cite ethical and practical problems with pinning what amounts to a pejorative label on a youngster. But clinical experience and empirical research clearly indicate that the raw materials of the disorder can and do exist in children. Psychopathy does not suddenly spring, unannounced, into existence into adulthood. [...]

Clinical and anecdotal evidence indicates that most parents of children later diagnosed as psychopaths were painfully aware that something was seriously wrong even before the child started school. Although all children begin their development unrestrained by social boundaries, certain children remain stubbornly immune to socializing pressures. They are inexplicably “different” from normal children – more difficult, willful, aggressive, and deceitful; harder to “relate to” or get close to; less she puts on her sweet and contrite act we’re generally tormented by her behavior. She’s truant, sexually active, and always trying to steal money from my purse.”  – Robert Hare, Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us

Dr. Richard A. Friedman is a professor of psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College in Manhattan. He recently wrote this article which is also food for thought:

Accepting That Good Parents May Plant Bad Seeds

Richard A. Friedman, M.D.
NYTimes.com
July 12, 2010

Gracia Lam

Gracia Lam

“I don’t know what I’ve done wrong,” the patient told me.

She was an intelligent and articulate woman in her early 40s who came to see me for depression and anxiety. In discussing the stresses she faced, it was clear that her teenage son had been front and center for many years.

When he was growing up, she explained, he fought frequently with other children, had few close friends, and had a reputation for being mean. She always hoped he would change, but now that he was almost 17, she had a sinking feeling. Read more…

Written by Gabriela Segura, MD
Saturday, 17 July 2010 04:40

The StormI found an article today, which discusses a link between certain types of families and behavioral problems in school: Behavior Problems in School Linked to Two Types of Families.

“Families can be a support and resource for children as they enter school, or they can be a source of stress, distraction, and maladaptive behavior,” says Melissa Sturge-Apple, the lead researcher on the paper and an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Rochester.

“This study shows that cold and controlling family environments are linked to a growing cascade of difficulties for children in their first three years of school, from aggressive and disruptive behavior to depression and alienation,” Sturge-Apple explains. “The study also finds that children from families marked by high levels of conflict and intrusive parenting increasingly struggle with anxiety and social withdrawal as they navigate their early school years.”

The three-year study, published July 15 in Child Development, examines relationship patterns in 234 families with six-year-old children.

But for a wider and in-depth perspective on this problem, one must read The Narcissistic Family by Stephanie Donaldson-Pressman and Robert M. Pressman. The authors describe a “parent system” which is primarily involved in getting its own needs met, therefore taking precedence over the “child system.” Children born into these families try to earn love, attention and approval by satisfying their parents’ needs. Never getting their own feelings validated, these children will then have problems which will further contribute to the narcissistic family system.

The symptoms of this narcissistic wounding are often a chronic need to please; an inability to identify feelings, wants, and needs; and a need for constant validation. From the book: Read more…

Written by Gabriela Segura, MD
Monday, 9 March 2009 18:11

I walked into a bookstore of a small Canadian town in 2005 and asked for a true crime story where a doctor was involved. I thought that perhaps it would help me to understand better pathological personalities and how insidious they are in our society, including the medical community. A few seconds later the guy brought me, Doc: The Rape of the Town of Lovell by Jack Olsen, which won the 1990 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime.

It took me other 4 years before I read the book, but I’m SO glad I finally did. It turned out to be most instructive regarding the insidiousness, subtleness and evilness of psychopathy. Jack Olsen knew about psychopathy which makes this true crime novel even more interesting. In fact he quotes The Mask of Sanity by Hervey Cleckley, M.D., an authority reference book of psychopathy in the fields of psychiatry and psychology. Olsen is able to give an incredible insight about how Dr. John Story, the psychopath doctor, raped numerous women in the town of Lovell in Wyoming for over 25 years without anybody doing anything about it. And even when some people knew about Dr. Story’s behavior (including hundreds or even thousands of victims), they only helped to conceal his behavior with their religious and societal programming.

Lovell is a small town in Wyoming whose population is about 50% Mormon. The victims were very religious and most of them consider themselves property of men, or the Church. Dr. John Story established his medical practice in Lovell in 1958 and he raped his victims while doing pelvic exams. The doctor, who was a pillar of the Baptist Church, enjoyed enormous prestige and support.

Read more…

Written by Gabriela Segura, MD
Monday, 9 June 2008 09:27

The Highly Sensitive Person by Elaine Aron was published nearly 10 years ago and it has changed the life of thousands of readers. Just imagine, a highly sensitive person (HSP) may think of herself or himself as an inborn introvert, neurotic or shy person, or as if she or he has some sort of problem and when a non-HSP psychologist or even when the average non-HSP person describes sensitive individuals according how they “look like”, they usually describe them wrongly as introverts, shy people, timid, neurotics, etc. But this is not necessarily true for the HSP and actually, some non-HSP can be described that way too.

What happens is that a person has a sensitive nervous system, this can probably be inherited and it actually occurs in about 15-20% of the population. What this means is that a HSP is more aware of subtleties in the environment and it also means that they are understanding and aware. Most people have these qualities, but HSP may observe more subtle nuances, specially when they feel good, calm and alert. Elaine Aron describes this observance of the subtle like this:

“This greater awareness of the subtle tends to make you more intuitive, which simply means picking up and working through information in a semiconscious or unconscious way. The result is that you often “just know” without realizing how. You “just know” how things got to be the way they are of how they are going to turn out.”

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